On Piazza Venezia, between the square and Capitoline Hill, the Monument to Victor Emmanuel II is a vast white-marble memorial to Italy’s first king. Known as the Vittoriano, it brings together broad stairways, columns, fountains and the Altar of the Fatherland, which includes the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. Walk the accessible lower levels and terraces for changing views over Rome, or take the elevator to the rooftop terrace for a wider panorama. The complex also houses the Museo Centrale del Risorgimento, dedicated to Italy’s unification.
A monument to united Italy
The Monument to Victor Emmanuel II stands on Piazza Venezia, between the square and Capitoline Hill. It honours Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of a unified Italy. The building is also called the Vittoriano or the Altar of the Fatherland, though the Altar of the Fatherland is one part of the larger monument.
Construction began in 1885. The monument was completed in 1911, in time for the 50th anniversary of Italian unification. Its bright white marble, sweeping stairways, columns and fountains give it a scale that contrasts with Rome’s older buildings. The design draws on neoclassical forms and was conceived as a public memorial to the newly unified nation.
The Altar of the Fatherland
At the centre is the Altar of the Fatherland, with the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. Above it stands a figure of Dea Roma. The tomb is a national memorial, and the President of the Republic lays a wreath there on April 25 and November 4.
The monument also has a large equestrian statue of Victor Emmanuel II. As you move through the open areas, look at the sculptures and fountains as well as the overall arrangement of the steps and terraces. The building’s white marble is particularly striking beside the warmer stone of many nearby Roman structures.
Terraces and museums
Many lower areas and terraces are open without charge. From the upper levels, you can look over Piazza Venezia and toward Rome’s historic centre. The rooftop terrace is reached by elevator and gives a broader view across the city; access to the lift and restricted areas requires a separate ticket.
The complex houses the Museo Centrale del Risorgimento, with exhibits about the movement that led to Italian unification. Art exhibitions are also held in the monument. Check the official website for current ticket details and information about museum access before your visit.
Perguntas frequentes
Is the Monument to Victor Emmanuel II free to visit?
The lower levels and terraces are free to enter. Access to the rooftop by elevator requires a ticket.
What is the Altar of the Fatherland?
It is part of the Monument to Victor Emmanuel II, not another name for the entire building. It includes the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and a figure of Dea Roma.
Can you go to the top of the monument?
Yes. An elevator takes visitors to the rooftop terrace, which has views across Rome. A ticket is required for rooftop access.
