Aqsunqur Mosque, known as the Blue Mosque, is in Cairo’s Darb El-Ahmar district. Its blue and green Iznik-style tiles, added during Ottoman renovations, cover parts of the interior and give the mosque its familiar name. Look for floral motifs, calligraphy and reused stones with hieroglyphic inscriptions at the entrance. The courtyard, with trees and plants, offers a quieter pause among the historic buildings of Islamic Cairo. Dress modestly, as this is an active place of worship.
A Mamluk mosque with Ottoman tilework
Aqsunqur Mosque was completed in 1347 on the orders of the emir Shams ad-Din Aqsunqur, during the Mamluk sultanate of al-Muzaffar Hajji. Aqsunqur was the son-in-law of an-Nasir Muhammad and an influential emir. Medieval historian al-Maqrizi recorded that he oversaw the project and took part in the construction. The building followed a Syrian architectural style, reflecting Aqsunqur’s time as governor of Tripoli.
The mosque’s blue tiles belong to a later chapter. Between 1652 and 1654, Ottoman emir Ibrahim Agha al-Mustahfizan restored the building and introduced the blue and green Iznik-style decoration. Floral designs include cypress trees and tulips arranged in vases. These tiles, set against the earlier Mamluk structure, account for the name Blue Mosque.
Mausoleums and an irregular plan
The mosque was built around the mausoleum of the young sultan al-Ashraf Kujuk, which dates to 1341. Its position helps explain the building’s irregular layout. The complex also contains the tomb of Aqsunqur and those of his sons. The mausoleums are part of the site’s history, as well as a reason the mosque’s plan differs from a simple, regular arrangement.
At the entrance, some stones have hieroglyphic inscriptions. They were reused in the building, adding a visible detail from an earlier period to the mosque’s later layers. Inside, calligraphy and carved wooden doors sit alongside the tiled surfaces.
The courtyard and the mosque’s changing fortunes
Aqsunqur Mosque experienced periods of decline. By the 15th century, it was reportedly in poor condition after the loss of endowment funds from Syria. In 1412, the Mamluk emir Tughan added an ablution fountain in the courtyard. Limited funding meant the mosque was used for Friday prayers and religious holidays during that period.
The courtyard remains a useful place to pause during a visit. Trees and other plants bring a green contrast to the tiled interior. The mosque has since undergone restoration, including work associated with the Aga Khan Foundation. It remains a place of worship, so visitors should dress modestly and treat the space with care.
FAQ
Why is Aqsunqur Mosque called the Blue Mosque?
Blue and green Iznik-style tiles added during Ottoman renovations in the 17th century decorate parts of its interior.
When was Aqsunqur Mosque built?
It was completed in 1347 under the Mamluk emir Shams ad-Din Aqsunqur.
What can you see inside Aqsunqur Mosque?
Look for the tilework, calligraphy, carved wooden doors and mausoleums. The courtyard has trees and plants.
What should I wear to Aqsunqur Mosque?
Dress modestly, as the mosque remains an active place of worship.
