On Esquiline Hill, the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major is one of Rome’s four major papal basilicas and a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Its 5th-century layout survives alongside later Romanesque, Renaissance and Baroque additions. Inside, look for early mosaics, marble floors, decorated chapels and a gilded ceiling. The Borghese Chapel houses the Salus Populi Romani icon, before which Pope Francis prayed; he is buried in the basilica. Visit for its art and history, or for a quiet moment of worship.
A 5th-century plan with later additions
Saint Mary Major stands on Esquiline Hill and is one of Rome’s four major papal basilicas. Dedicated to the Virgin Mary, it retains its early Christian layout from the 5th century, a rare chance to see an ancient church plan still legible within a building changed over many centuries.
The basilica is an architectural blend rather than a single-period interior. Its history includes a 14th-century Romanesque bell tower, Renaissance changes, a coffered ceiling and Baroque work, including the façade and much of the interior. Look at how these later elements sit alongside the church’s early structure as you move through the space.
Mosaics, marble and the Borghese Chapel
The 5th-century mosaics are among the basilica’s central works of art. They depict scenes from the Old and New Testaments. The interior also brings together marble floors, columns, chapels and ceiling decoration, with gold giving the ceiling its distinctive appearance.
The Borghese Chapel is home to the Salus Populi Romani, an icon of the Virgin Mary venerated here. Pope Francis had a particular devotion to the icon and prayed before it in connection with his journeys. His burial in the basilica adds another point of significance for visitors who come to reflect on its recent papal history.
Tradition and respectful visiting
A tradition links the basilica’s foundation to a miraculous snowfall on August 5, 358, said to have marked the site for the church. The event is commemorated each year on August 5, when white petals are dropped during a solemn Mass. The tradition also gives the church its association with Our Lady of the Snows.
This is an active place of worship as well as a major artistic and historical site. Dress modestly, and keep in mind that ceremonies can affect access to parts of the basilica. Security checks take place at the entrance. For current arrangements, consult the basilica’s official website before setting out.
Perguntas frequentes
Is there an entrance fee for Saint Mary Major Basilica?
The available information states that entry is free.
What should I see inside Saint Mary Major Basilica?
Look for the 5th-century mosaics, marble floors, gilded ceiling and Borghese Chapel, which houses the Salus Populi Romani icon.
What is the dress code for Saint Mary Major Basilica?
Dress modestly, with shoulders and knees covered.
Can access be restricted during a visit?
Yes. Liturgies or ceremonies can affect access, so check official notices before you go.
